TIP Leakage flow of the compressor blade is one of the effective factors in performance of axial compressors, which can also damage the compressor blades. In this paper, the effect of air jet INJECTION to reduce the destructive effects of TIP leakage flow on the performance of the axial compressor is investigated. For this purpose, the numerical analysis of the flow in the NASA rotor 37 axial compressor is performed using CFX software. Initially, the compressor performance curve in the without INJECTION mode was compared with the experimental results and a good agreement was observed. Then, considering the INJECTION of air for one passage the performance curves of the compressor in comparison with the non-INJECTION mode were examined. By injecting air, the pressure ratio increases and the adiabatic efficiency of the compressor decreases at the same mass flow rates. It was found that air INJECTION reduces the drops in the axial compressor and weakens the created vortices. This reduces the rotor drop coefficient and also reduces the angle of attack. Accordingly, INJECTION increases the stall margin and increases the operating range of the compressor by 6% and 66%, respectively. Also, the TIP leakage flow has less power than in the without INJECTION condition, which results in less drop.

Common smut is one of the most prevalent fungal diseases of maize which causes high qualitative and quantitative losses on yield. One of the best controlling methods of the disease is use of resistant hybrids. In order to evaluate the resistance of 18 early maize genotypes, an experiment was carried out in RCBD with two replications at Karaj, Isfahan, and Mashhad. Inoculation of the ears was done by syrange (3ml spore/ear) at silking stage. Disease severity on ears was assessed 3-4 weeks after appearance of the first disease symptoms. The results of combined analysis of variance and mean comparison showed differences in disease severity among examined materials. Based on disease severity (0-7), the responses of genotypes were ranked in five groups (highly resistance to highly susceptible). Line KE 72012/12 was highly resistant and OH43/1-42 susceptible. K 1264/5-1 ´ K 615/1 and KE 72011/1 ´ K 1264/5-1 were susceptible and resistant hybrids, respectively.

This paper aims to understand the effects of circumferential inlet distortion and TIP INJECTION on a transonic impeller performance and flow field. For distorted inflow, the impeller is subjected to a stationary 120-degrees circumferential total pressure distortion. Full annulus unsteady three-dimensional analysis has been used to study the inlet distortion and TIP INJECTION effects on the impeller performance, stability and flow field. The results show that the circumferential inlet distortion reduces the impeller total pressure ratio and adiabatic efficiency, however, it has no significant impact on the safe operating range. Unlike the inlet distortion, the TIP INJECTION considerably increases the operating range. According to the results, the distortion and TIP INJECTION effect on the compressor performance is mainly due to changes in TIP leakage flow. The inlet distortion has unfavorable influences on the flow field, especially near the impeller TIP, however, the TIP INJECTION ameliorates the flow field in this region. In both the clean and distorted inflow, the TIP INJECTION causes downstream shock transmission, weakening the shock-TIP leakage interaction. Hence, stall inception is postponed, and the impeller stability is improved in the presence of the TIP INJECTION.

Rhinoplasty is one of the most common aesthetic procedures in the world. It is the most common aesthetic surgery procedure in Iran. Achieving complete patient satisfaction is almost impossible but improving the aesthetics and function of the nose is the aim of surgery. This report describes a 34 years old woman with a large bump in the TIP of the nose after three times cosmetic rhinoplasties. The first time was done 4 years before referral to our center as a reduction rhinoplasty operation. The next two subsequent surgeries were performed for revision and correcting the dorsal irregularities and supra TIP bulge.Unfortunately the supraTIP bulge persisted and subsequent subcutaneous INJECTIONs of corticosteroids and fibrinolysin were carried out. She developed a bulbous TIP nose deformity.Therefore, after a few months, she was referred to our center.Surgical exploration showed a lesion in the supraTIP region and histopathologic examination showed a foreign body reaction and granuloma formation.

This paper presents an experimental study of the effect of a directionally porous wing TIP on the TIP vortex using particle image velocimetry (PIV) on a half wing model with NACA 653218 as its airfoil section. Four different configurations of the directionally porous wing TIP are tested. The vortex generated by the wing TIPs are examined at four different measuring planes downstream perpendicular to the flow axis. The flow field over the porous wing TIP surface along the streamwise direction is obtained as well to understand the effects of the porosity on the flow which in the end affects the vortex downstream. Furthermore, the aerodynamic performance of all different configurations is compared to study their effects on the aerodynamic coefficients of the wing. The results show a high reduction in vorticity, up to 90%; tangential velocity reduction up to 67% and a significant reduction in vortex circulation in the near-far field. Effect on the lift to drag ratio is up to 20 %.

To evaluate the response of different maize genotypes to common smut, Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda, an experiment was carried out in RCBD in three replications with 29 hybrids in 2004, 46 hybrids in 2005, and 25 hybrids in 2006 at Karaj and Zarghan, Iran. Inoculation of ears by TIP INJECTION method was conducted using a syringe (3 ml in each ear) at silking stage. The evaluation of genotypes was conducted 3-4 weeks after inoculation. The results of experiments showed significant differences among hybrids. The resistance and susceptibility of hybrids that was determined with 0-7 scale, categorized them into six groups from highly resistant (HR) to highly susceptible (HS). In 2004, reactions could not be assessed in Zarghan, due to the high occurrence of Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) on hybrids. In 2005, three hybrids K3547/3×K1264/6, K3047/2×K1264/1 and K3615/1×K1264/1 and in 2006, hybrids K3640/6×K18, K3544×K166A and KLM77029/8-1-2-3-2-2×MO17 were assessed as resistant hybrids.

Background and Aims: Numerous surgical procedures have been used to correct distal hypospadias, but in past 8 years repair of urethra with" Tubularized Incised Plate" technique or TIP has become prefered technique for distal hypospadias repair. In this study we report our experience about this procudure.Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive retrospective study, patients, including 37 child boy with hypospadias with age range 9 months to 12 years, that between 2001 - 2003 years in Emam and Children hospitales of Tabriz under went to hypospadias repair with "TIP" procudure. All of the patients followed during hospitalization in first step and then 6 months post operation. This technique was the first repair to correct of hypospadias in all of these children.Results: Mean age of patients at the first repair was 44.19 months. The location of meatus was cronal in 2 patients, distal shaft in 27 patients, mid shaft in 5 patients and mega meatus with intact prepuce (MIP) in 3 patients. Mean operation time was 94 minutes. Mean hospitalization time was 5.9 days. 1 patient (2.70%) had bleeding from operation site during hospitalization. During follow up urethro cutaneus fistulas occurred in 3 patients (8%). During follow up all of the patients was voiding from a single urinary tract and in the straight stream.The total success rates of surgery was 92%. No significant difference in results was between this study and similar reports.Conclusion: Currently repair of urethra with TIP procudure is one of the most popular procudures for hypospadias repair. This procedure is potentially applicable in all cases of distal and mid shaft hypospadias.

Introduction: In different studies worldwide, gender ratios derived from ICSI (Assisted reproductive techniques) have been reported differently. Objective: Evaluation of neonatal gender in ICSI women referred to Mehr Infertility Research Center of Rasht. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, the cases of infertile women referred to Mehr Infertility Research Center in Rasht for ICSI were examined to determine the sex ratio of the neonates. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and descriptive and an alytical (Chi-square and independent t) tests. Results: The results showed that 52% of single-born neonates, 60% of mulTIPle pregnancies (single sex) and 52. 5% of mulTIPle pregnancy (two sexes) were male. Conclusion: The ratio of male in single and mulTIPle pregnancies in ICSI was higher than female.

Purpose: To compare the efficiency of the advanced ultravit beveled vitrector probe (10, 000 cuts per minute) to the current standard ultravit highspeed (7500 cuts per minute) vitrector probe. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted on patients undergoing routine vitrectomy surgery for epiretinal membrane, full-thickness macular hole, and vitreous opacities. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo PPV with the ultravit highspeed probe (Probe 1) or the advanced ultravit beveled probe (Probe 2). The main outcome measure was time to completion of core vitrectomy and vitreous base shave. Results: Forty patients were enrolled in this study, 20 in each cohort. The average time to completion of core vitrectomy was 10. 4 +/-1. 8 min in the Probe 1 cohort compared to 9. 7 +/-2 min in the Probe 2 cohort (P = 0. 21). The average time to completion of vitreous base shave was 9. 6 +/-2. 7 min in the Probe 1 cohort compared to 9. 4 +/-1. 8 min in the Probe 2 cohort (P = 0. 39). Conclusion: In the current study, the advanced ultravit beveled probe was noninferior to the ultravit highspeed vitrectomy probe when looking at the time to completion of core vitrectomy and vitreous base shave. The increased cut rate did not affect the efficiency of vitreous removal.